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美议员要求加强执法 防高端芯片走私中国

美议员要求加强执法 防高端芯片走私中国
2020年7月27日,阿肯色州联邦参议员汤姆‧科顿(Tom Cotton)在华盛顿川普国际酒店接受《大纪元时报》美国思想领袖Jan Jekielek专访。 (Brendon Fallon//大纪元)
2026-03-2123:31 中港台时间|03-2210:21 更新
人气 597

【大纪元2026年03月21日讯】(大纪元记者林燕报导)在超微电脑公司员工走私英伟达芯片被起诉后,美国国会议员要求商务部加强出口管制执法力度,防止更多高端人工智能(AI)芯片被大规模走私去中国。

周五(3月20日),国会参议院情报委员会主席、阿肯色州参议员汤姆・科顿(Tom Cotton)和密歇根州第四选区众议员比尔・惠曾加(Bill Huizenga)致信给商务部长霍华德・卢特尼克(Howard Lutnick),表达了他们对大规模先进人工智能芯片走私的担忧。

他们要求卢特尼克部长开始执行国会通过的《芯片安全法案》(Chip Security Act)中的部分反转运条款——对受出口管制的先进芯片实施位置验证,以防止北京窃取美国最先进技术。这两位议员是《芯片安全法案》的主要发起人。

“我们致函,是因为对(被曝光)又一起大规模芯片走私案件深感震惊。这凸显加强出口管制力度、采取更具创新性措施的必要性。”议员们写道,“多项调查、报告和证词表明,(美国的)先进芯片存在被非法转运的情况。”

议员们列举了过去一段时间频繁出现、跟走私芯片相关的实例。在美国政府代号“守门人行动”(Operation Gatekeeper)调查中,当局捣毁了一个走私团伙,该团伙通过代购者购买英伟达芯片,撕掉制造商的标签,然后试图非法运往中国。

在另一起案件中,有四名男子建立了一个黑市,将英伟达芯片经由马来西亚和泰国最终运往中国。这名主谋在即将就任一家云公司首席技术官前被捕。

2025年年初,新加坡官员突击搜查了二十多个涉嫌非法转移芯片的活动地点,并指控三人涉嫌伪造文件,以掩盖英伟达芯片非法运往中国的事实。

总部位于新加坡的Megaspeed是中国国有云公司的衍生公司,该公司进口了价值超过46亿美元的英伟达硬件,目前正因涉嫌违反美国出口管制条例而接受调查。

据一位美国官员透露,中国AI模型DeepSeek的最新版本是使用英伟达Blackwell芯片训练的,这些芯片大概率位于中国某自治区的数据中心内。

而最震惊的案件,是司法部周四公布的对超微电脑公司联合创办人以及员工大规模走私芯片的起诉。有三名当事人被控通过一家空壳公司向中国走私价值数十亿美元的英伟达芯片,甚至用吹风机去除装有英伟达芯片的原始货物上的标签和贴纸,然后贴上假的避人耳目。

“每一起芯片走私事件都会破坏美国的出口政策,并削弱美国在技术主导地位竞争中的优势。”议员们说。

议员们承认,出口执法历来都是一个棘手的问题,而且没有万无一失的办法。所以,他们要求商务部考虑部分执行国会刚通过的《芯片安全法案》。

议员们指出,《芯片安全法案》要求对受出口管制的先进芯片实施位置验证。

根据法案内容,强制要求芯片制造商在芯片出口前内建或实施某种“位置验证机制”(location verification mechanism)。目的是让出口商能够验证这些芯片在出口后是否仍位于许可的国家/地区,防止被走私、转运或转移到受限国家(如中国),从而强化出口管制的执行力。

“虽然没有任何工具能够做到万无一失,但新的防走私措施将使美国公司能够更加安心地销售产品,并开拓新市场。”信中说。

两位议员写道:“全球计算基础设施必须建立在美国技术之上,这就要求我们大规模出口芯片,同时遏制走私活动。在我们努力推动《芯片安全法案》获得通过的同时,我们恳请贵单位开始实施该法案中的部分条款,包括要求为先进芯片提供技术防走私解决方案。”

责任编辑:林妍#

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